A turntable cartridge is the part of your hi-fi system that reads the grooves of your record, serving as the connection between your music and sound system.
In this article, I’ll discuss the differences between moving magnet and moving coil cartridges to help you decide which one is best for your budget and needs.
Why you should trust me
I’m a music producer, audio engineer, and record label owner passionate about high-fidelity audio.
My interest in accurate sound reproduction led me to explore in depth the world of hi-fi equipment and, in particular, the role of turntable cartridges in creating a sonic experience of the highest quality.
After years of experimenting, trials and errors, I feel like I’ve learned to identify and analyze the best turntable cartridges for every budget and audio system, which is why I know how the right cartridge can revolutionize an audio system and take it to the next level.
Contents
Use these links below to navigate to the desired section of the article.
- What is a moving magnet (MM) cartridge?
- What is a moving coil (MC) cartridge?
- What’s the difference between an MM and an MC cartridge?
- Which offers better sound quality?
- Which provides better compatibility?
- Which is more cost-effective?
- Which provides better durability?
- Which is better for tracking?
- Which is easier to upgrade?
- Frequently asked questions
What is a moving magnet (MM) cartridge?
A moving magnet cartridge has a small magnet attached to its cantilever. As the stylus moves across the grooves of the record, the magnet moves between two coils of wire, generating a small electrical signal. This signal is then sent to the amplifier, which turns it into audible sound.
If you’re making your first steps in the world of audio fidelity, MM cartridges are the best way to get started, as they’re more user-friendly.
They’re cheaper, you can replace the stylus easily and by yourself, and also you won’t need a dedicated MC phono preamplification because of their higher output voltage.
The downside of this design is that moving coil (MC) cartridges are notoriously more accurate and “better-sounding.”
What is a moving coil (MC) cartridge?
The opposite happens in an MC cartridge: here, the coils are attached to the cantilever while the magnet remains still. This design features less moving mass, which makes the stylus more agile when interacting with the record groove.
This is why audiophiles tend to appreciate MC cartridges more: they offer a more precise reproduction and wider frequency response thanks to their lighter design.
They do have a much lower output voltage though, compared to their MM counterparts, meaning that a dedicated phono preamp is required.
However, the biggest drawback comes when it’s time to change the stylus. When the stylus wears out, you’ll need to replace the entire cartridge, as opposed to the more convenient design of an MM cartridge, which makes the styli easier (and cheaper) to replace.
Still, MC cartridges do sound better, so I see them as a natural evolution in the journey of a serious audiophile.
So, what’s the difference?
The difference is all in the way these two cartridges are designed, and their names say it all: an MM cartridge has a moving magnet that’s affected by the coil in the cantilever. An MC cartridge has coil wires whose movement is affected by the magnet in the cantilever.
To summarise, MM cartridges are more affordable and easier to use, with higher output voltages that make them compatible with virtually all hi-fi phono inputs without needing additional gear.
So, if you’re looking for the easiest and less expensive way to enjoy your record collections, this is definitely your best bet.
MC cartridges require more equipment, careful maintenance and are more fragile, but with a high-end audio setup, they can offer you a superior performance in terms of accuracy and transparency.
MM vs MC phono cartridges: An in-depth comparison
Here’s a more detailed comparison to help you choose the right cartridge for your specific needs.
Sound quality
Because of the way they interact with the record groove, MC cartridges tend to offer a more subtle and articulated sound.
That doesn’t mean that they always sound better: as in most sound experiences, there’s a level of personal taste to be taken into account.
Furthermore, there are some exceptional MC cartridges like the Sumiko Amethyst that offer an impressive sound comparable to MC cartridges.
Also, bear in mind that an MC cartridge will truly shine only when paired with high-end audio gear. A moving-coil design won’t turn budget-friendly equipment into an audiophile-level sound system.
All in all, MC cartridges offer a more detailed sound reproduction, which can be fully appreciated only with the appropriate gear.
Compatibility
In my experience, MM cartridges are more common and you’ll find they’re compatible with most entry and mid-level audio systems, while MC cartridges are a better option when paired with high-end, audiophile-level gear.
Bear in mind that there are many MM/MC phono preamps on the market now. If you want to find out more about phono preamps, make sure you check out my pick of the best phono preamps.
Because of their higher output voltage, MM cartridges do not require a step-up transformer or a high-quality preamp to shine, which makes them easier to match with existing equipment without spending much.
Cost
MM cartridges are generally more affordable. You can find decent cartridges for $90 or even less, but prices can go as high as $1000. With MC cartridges, you’re probably looking at a $500-3000 investment.
Since we’re talking about budget, let me stress that with MM cartridges you can also replace the stylus once it wears out, whereas with the MC design you’ll need to replace the whole cartridge. That makes a huge difference in terms of maintenance costs in the long run.
Durability and maintenance
MM cartridges are sturdier than their MC counterparts, and the fact that you can replace just the stylus adds to their versatility and endurance.
MC cartridges are more fragile and require more throughout maintenance. Plus, they’re more unforgiving when it comes to incorrect setups. This makes them ideal for dedicated audiophiles who know how to make the most of their equipment.
Tracking ability
MC design is the clear winner here. Moving coil cartridges are lighter and more sensitive, which makes them better at capturing the finest details of a record groove.
In terms of sound, this will give you a more accurate and organic texture, especially when it comes to high frequencies.
MM cartridges are still great and they’re especially good if you’re into an analog-like sound, but in general, they’re nowhere near as detailed as MC cartridges.
Obviously, the higher the price, the thinner is the line that separates the sound quality of an MM and MC cartridge, but still, the latter is usually better in this regard.
Upgrade potential
By being able to replace just the stylus of an MM cartridge, you can improve the sound of your audio system simply by replacing your stylus with a better one. This is something that you can’t do with a moving coil cartridge.
That said, if you’re serious about your listening experience, a moving coil cartridge is the natural upgrade from a moving magnet turntable cartridge, especially if you value accuracy and transparency in audio reproduction.
Frequently asked questions
Since we first started discussing hi-fi a few years ago here at Higher Hz, I’ve received numerous questions about turntable cartridges, particularly MM and MC models.
I’ve gathered the most common questions, and below you’ll find my answers to the ones I get asked most frequently.
Are MC cartridges always superior?
No, that’s not always the case. High-end MM cartridges can sound as good as similarly priced moving coil cartridges. Also, MM cartridges usually have a more analog-like sound that some listeners might prefer to the MC cartridges’ transparency.
Is there a noticeable difference between budget and high-end MM cartridges?
Absolutely. Entry-level MM cartridges don’t offer the same level of sound clarity and balance of higher-end models. Prices of MM cartridges can go from $50 to $1000, and the difference between these two ends is night and day, both in terms of durability and listening experience.
Is it worth upgrading from an MM cartridge to an MC cartridge?
If you have a high-end audio system, then yes, upgrading to an MC cartridge can enhance the quality of your setup. For entry and mid-level hi-fi systems, the difference in sound quality usually doesn’t justify the costs and hassle.
Can I switch between MM and MC cartridges on the same turntable?
You can switch between MM and MC cartridges as long as the tonearm and headshell are compatible with both designs.
Do I need special equipment for an MC cartridge?
Yes, MC cartridges need either a dedicated MC phono preamp or a step-up transformer to boost the signal to a level that can be amplified.
How do I know if my phono preamp supports MC cartridges?
All preamps make it clear whether they support MM or MC (or both). Check your preamp specs and surely you’ll find out which cartridge it supports.
What is the output voltage difference between MM and MC cartridges?
MM cartridges produce an output between 4 and 5 mV. MC cartridges have much lower output levels, usually between 0.2 and 0.5 mV.
What’s the difference between high-output and low-output MC cartridges?
High-output moving coil cartridges are a compromise between the high quality of MC cartridges and the user-friendliness of the MM ones. They usually produce a signal between 1.5 and 2.5 mV, meaning they can work with standard phono preamps.
Low-output moving coil cartridges have a lower voltage (0.2 to 0.5 mV), so they need a specific phono preamp or a step-up transformer to function. As a rule of thumb, the lower the output, the greater the accuracy and sound quality you can achieve.
Can I replace the stylus on both MM and MC cartridges?
You can’t replace the stylus on MC cartridges without replacing the cartridge, but you can do that on an MM cartridge.
What type of music is best suited for MM and MC cartridges?
It all comes down to taste, but to me, MM cartridges sound better with rock and blues because of their warm sound character. MC cartridges work best when accuracy and depth are key, so genres like classical, jazz, and pop will sound better with these cartridges.
How long does a cartridge typically last before needing replacement?
A cartridge does not deteriorate, but if you have an MC cartridge, you’ll need to replace it once the stylus wears out. A stylus can last between 500 to 1,000 hours of playtime, depending on its quality.
Final thoughts
As in most things, there’s no clear winner when it comes to MM and MC cartridges. They both have their pros and cons, and whether you’re focused on budget or sound quality, both options can be ideal for your sound system.
If I had to summarize my view in just a few words, I’d recommend starting out with MM cartridges because of their user-friendliness and broad compatibility.
After some time, and if you feel like there’s something missing in the way your hi-fi system sounds, upgrading to an MC cartridge can greatly improve your experience, but it comes with a big financial investment and more dedication to the craft.
Still, if you want to take your listening room to the next level, an MC cartridge can give you that, and then some.
Happy listening!
